What is a buckle fracture?

A buckle fracture, also known as a torus fracture, is a type of incomplete fracture. This means the bone doesn't break completely through. Instead, the cortex (the hard outer layer of the bone) is compressed, causing a bulge or buckling effect, similar to crumpling a soda can. They're most common in children because their bones are more flexible and less brittle than adult bones.

Here's a breakdown of key characteristics:

• Incomplete Fracture: The bone doesn't break all the way through. This is the defining characteristic.
• Compression Injury: The fracture occurs due to compression forces on the bone.
• Common Location: Often seen in the long bones of the forearm (radius and ulna) and lower leg (tibia and fibula), particularly near the growth plates (epiphyses).
• Appearance: X-rays show a localized bulging or thickening of the bone cortex. There's no displacement or complete separation of the bone fragments.
• Mechanism of Injury: Usually caused by low-energy trauma, such as a fall from a low height or a direct blow.
• Symptoms: Pain, swelling, and tenderness at the site of the injury are common. There may be some bruising, but deformity is usually minimal compared to other fractures.
• Treatment: Typically treated conservatively, meaning without surgery. This usually involves immobilization with a cast or splint for several weeks to allow the bone to heal. Regular follow-up X-rays are used to monitor healing progress.

It's crucial to note that while buckle fractures are generally not as serious as complete fractures, they still require medical attention. A proper diagnosis by a doctor or other qualified healthcare professional is essential to ensure appropriate treatment and to rule out more serious injuries. Improper healing can potentially affect bone growth in children.